Security Compliance¶
Confluent Platform supports the following compliance certification:
SSAE 18 SOC 2¶
Confluent contracts annually with qualified external audit teams to provide an industry recognized review of our security controls environment relating to security, availability, and confidentiality. The SSAE 18 SOC 2 report is available upon request.
To request a copy of the latest SSAE 18 SOC 2 report, complete the request form at https://www.confluent.io/trust-and-security/.
Confluent Platform FIPS 140-2¶
The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) is a U.S. government computer security standard (using FIPS 140-1, FIPS 140-2, and FIPS PUB 140-2) used to validate and certify software cryptographic modules.
While Confluent Platform is not FIPS-certified, it provides additional FIPS-compliant
cipher enforcement at the Kafka broker level. Confluent Platform distributes
a Bouncy Castle FIPS JSSE Security Provider that leverages the Bouncy Castle
JSSE Provider FIPS extensions, which enables a second level of cipher enforcement at
the broker level (beyond settings defined in ssl.cipher.suites), and reject
non-compliant incoming and outgoing broker connections. Refer to
Appendix B – Supported Cipher Suites
for a complete list of supported cipher suites.
When running Confluent Platform in FIPS-enabled mode, the cryptographic use of the following technologies will run only using FIPS-compliant ciphers:
- Brokers, consumers, and producers using FIPS JSSE provider
- JVM using FIPS JSSE provider
Any cipher suites for TLS connections from ksqlDB, Connect, Confluent Control Center, or Schema Registry to a broker are enforced by the broker.
The Confluent CLI for Secrets Management protection implements encryption and key generation using a crypto library that is not FIPS-compliant. However, the decryption function is implemented in Java on the broker side, so the decryption algorithm is FIPS-compliant as long as the broker is configured in FIPS operational readiness mode.
Ansible Playbooks for Confluent Platform automates configuring and deploying Confluent Platform with FIPS-compliant cipher enforcement at the Kafka broker level. For details, refer to Ansible Playbooks for Confluent Platform FIPS.
Prerequisites¶
OS: RHEL 7.x and later.
Enable FIPS mode on RHEL 7.x or later.
Use FIPS-certified provider Bouncy Castle (BC) version 1.0.2, which provides crypto cipher suites for TLS communication and encryption/decryption service (provided as part of the distribution).
Install and run the rng-tools package, which can help you test for and avoid entropy in your system.
Run FIPs-compliant cryptographic libraries and TLS encryption over the wire for all communications, which means you must configure Confluent Platform with TLS communications for all publish/subscribe client-to-broker and component-to-broker communications. The default keystore format is JKS, which is not a standardized format and is deprecated and not supported by FIPS providers. The BC FIPS provider supports two types of keystore formats: PKCS12 and BCFKS. However, only the BCFKS key store is designed to be FIPS-compliant. You must either create a BCFKS format keystore, or convert JKS or PKCS12 to BCFKS, which is a standardized and language-neutral way of storing encrypted private keys and certificates.
The following configuration example is not specific to FIPS or a new configuration; rather, it shows the specific use case to configure TLS so that it includes the BCFKS keystore for TLS communication. You must also include listeners prefixed with
listener.name.for each listener in the TLSL configuration. The listener configuration in the example below is based on the following definition:listener.security.protocol.map = INTERNAL:SASL_SSL,BROKER:SSL,EXTERNAL:SSL \ listeners = INTERNAL://:9092,BROKER://:9091,EXTERNAL://:9093
# TLS configuration ssl.keymanager.algorithm=PKIX ssl.trustmanager.algorithm=PKIX ssl.keystore.type=BCFKS ssl.truststore.type=BCFKS ssl.truststore.location=<path-to-ssl-truststore> ssl.truststore.password=<ssl-truststore-password> ssl.keystore.location=<path-to-ssl-keystore> ssl.keystore.password=<ssl-keystore-password> ssl.key.password= <ssl-key-password> # External listener configuration listener.name.external.ssl.keymanager.algorithm=PKIX listener.name.external.ssl.trustmanager.algorithm=PKIX listener.name.external.ssl.keystore.type=BCFKS listener.name.external.ssl.truststore.type=BCFKS listener.name.external.ssl.truststore.location=<path-to-ssl-truststore> listener.name.external.ssl.truststore.password=<ssl-truststore-password> listener.name.external.ssl.keystore.location=<path-to-ssl-keystore> listener.name.external.ssl.keystore.password=<ssl-keystore-password> listener.name.external.ssl.key.password= <ssl-key-password>
MDS provides additional FIPS-compliant cipher enforcement over HTTPS communication to and from MDS. The following example shows an MDS configuration for FIPS-compliance:
confluent.metadata.server.ssl.keystore.type=BCFKS confluent.metadata.server.ssl.keymanager.algorithm=PKIX confluent.metadata.server.ssl.keystore.location=kafka.server.keystore.bcfks confluent.metadata.server.ssl.keystore.password= confluent.metadata.server.ssl.key.password=
Converting from PKCS12 to BCFKS¶
If you are using the PKCS12 store, convert to use the BCFKS store by entering the following command:
keytool -importkeystore -v -srckeystore kafka.server.keystore.pk12 -srcstoretype PKCS12 -providername BCFIPS -providerclass org.bouncycastle.jcajce.provider.BouncyCastleFipsProvider -providerpath /Users/fips-user/tmp/ssl/bcfks/bc-fips-1.0.2.jar -destkeystore kafka.server.keystore.bcfks -deststoretype BCFKS
Configuring keys and certificates using BCFKS¶
Creating TLS/SSL Keys and Certificates provides the steps to configure a keystore and
generate a certificate. When using BCFKS, the steps are the same, but the
configuration is different because you must add the storetype, providerpath,
and providerclass. Your configuration should resemble the following example:
keytool -keystore kafka.server.keystore.bcfks -alias localhost -validity 720 -genkeypair -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048 -storepass testfips -keypass testfips -storetype BCFKS -providerpath /Users/fips-user/tmp/ssl/bcfks/bc-fips-1.0.2.jar -providerclass org.bouncycastle.jcajce.provider.BouncyCastleFipsProvider -dname CN=localhost -ext SAN=DNS:localhost
openssl req -new -x509 -keyout ca-key -out ca-cert -days 720
keytool -keystore kafka.client.truststore.bcfks -storetype BCFKS -alias CARoot -import -file ca-cert -providerpath /Users/fips-user/tmp/ssl/bcfks/bc-fips-1.0.2.jar -providerclass org.bouncycastle.jcajce.provider.BouncyCastleFipsProvider
keytool -keystore kafka.server.truststore.bcfks -storetype BCFKS -alias CARoot -importcert -file ca-cert -providerpath /Users/fips-user/tmp/ssl/bcfks/bc-fips-1.0.2.jar -providerclass org.bouncycastle.jcajce.provider.BouncyCastleFipsProvider
keytool -keystore kafka.server.keystore.bcfks -alias localhost -storepass testfips -keypass testfips -storetype BCFKS -certreq -file cert-file -providerpath /Users/fips-user/tmp/ssl/bcfks/bc-fips-1.0.2.jar -providerclass org.bouncycastle.jcajce.provider.BouncyCastleFipsProvider
openssl x509 -req -CA ca-cert -CAkey ca-key -in cert-file -out cert-signed -days 720 -CAcreateserial -passin pass:testfips
keytool -keystore kafka.server.keystore.bcfks -storetype BCFKS -alias CARoot -import -file ca-cert -storepass testfips -providerpath /Users/fips-user/tmp/ssl/bcfks/bc-fips-1.0.2.jar -providerclass org.bouncycastle.jcajce.provider.BouncyCastleFipsProvider
cat ca-cert cert-signed > cert
keytool -keystore kafka.server.keystore.bcfks -storetype BCFKS -storepass testfips -alias localhost -import -file cert -providerpath /Users/fips-user/tmp/ssl/bcfks/bc-fips-1.0.2.jar -providerclass org.bouncycastle.jcajce.provider.BouncyCastleFipsProvider
Configuring Confluent Platform for FIPS 140-2¶
To configure Confluent Platform brokers, consumers, and producers for FIPS 140-2 compliance, specify the following configuration parameter settings in the properties file:
enable.fips=true
security.providers=io.confluent.kafka.security.fips.provider.BcFipsProviderCreator,io.confluent.kafka.security.fips.provider.BcFipsJsseProviderCreator
# Specify the TLS version. TLS 1.2 (``TLSv1.2``) and TLS 1.3 (``TLSv1.3`` - default) are supported.
ssl.enabled.protocols=TLSv1.3
Note
Confluent Platform uses ssl.enabled.protocols=TLSv1.3 by default. Starting with Confluent Platform 7.5,
`TLSv1.3 and TLSv1.2 are supported for all TLS content for FIPS 140-2.
The security.providers option configures Kafka brokers to use a list of JCE
provider creators. The Kafka broker creates a list of security JCE providers (which
at runtime take precedence over any other providers). Bouncy Castle is the only
supported FIPS provider. If you do not specify Bouncy Castle, then you are
responsible for providing a FIPS-compliant cipher suite and/or libraries.
If you choose not to configure cipher suites, then those values will be determined by the Bouncy Castle provider.
Important
To be FIPS-compliant, you must enable TLS over-the-wire encryption when FIPS mode is enabled. Also, Confluent Platform will not start if the TLS version and cipher suites specified are not FIPS-compliant.
Verifing that RHEL is running in FIPS mode¶
Run the following command to verify that RHEL is running in FIPS operational readiness mode:
cat /proc/sys/crypto/fips_enabled
sysctl crypto.fips_enabled
Your output should resemble:
cat /proc/sys/crypto/fips_enabled
1
sysctl crypto.fips_enabled
crypto.fips_enabled = 1
You can also confirm that the Kafka broker is running in FIPS mode by viewing
the broker server.log:
FIPS mode is enabled: true
If you enabled FIPS operational readiness mode, but failed to specify a valid TLS version (only version 1.2 is supported), the output is similar to the following:
[2019-10-05 17:26:18,261] ERROR FIPS 140-2 Configuration Error, invalid TLS versions: TLSv1.0 (bigcompany.kafka.security.fips.FipsValidator)
[2019-10-05 17:26:18,261] ERROR Fatal error during SupportedServerStartable startup. Prepare to shutdown (bigcompany.support.metrics.SupportedKafka)
bigcompany.kafka.security.fips.exceptions.InvalidFipsTlsVersionException: FIPS 140-2 Configuration Error, invalid TLS versions: TLSv1.0
If you enabled FIPS operational readiness mode, but specified a unsupported cipher suite, the output is similar to the following:
[2019-10-22 13:27:01,852] ERROR FIPS 140-2 Configuration Error, invalid cipher suites: TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_96_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_96_CBC_SHA (bigcompany.kafka.security.fips.FipsValidator)
[2019-10-22 13:27:01,852] ERROR Fatal error during SupportedServerStartable startup. Prepare to shutdown (bigcompany.support.metrics.SupportedKafka)
bigcompany.kafka.security.fips.exceptions.InvalidFipsTlsCipherSuiteException: FIPS 140-2 Configuration Error, invalid cipher suites: TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_96_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_96_CBC_SHA
Export the public certificate from the keystore¶
To export the public certificate and use it for HTTP clients (such as curl):
keytool -exportcert -rfc -file kafka.server.keystore.cer -alias localhost -keystore kafka.server.keystore.bcfks -storetype bcfks -providerclass org.bouncycastle.jcajce.provider.BouncyCastleFipsProvider -providerpath /Users/fips-user/tmp/ssl/bcfks/bc-fips-1.0.2.jar -storepass testfips