Important

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Adding Security to a Running Cluster¶

Migrating Brokers and Clients¶

You can secure a running cluster via one or more of the supported protocols discussed previously. This is done in phases:

Incrementally restart the cluster nodes to open additional secured port(s).
Restart clients using the secured rather than PLAINTEXT port (assuming you are securing the client-broker connection).
Incrementally restart the cluster again to enable broker-to-broker security (if this is required)
A final incremental restart to close the PLAINTEXT port.

The specific steps for configuring security protocols are described in the respective sections for SSL and SASL. Follow these steps to enable security for your desired protocol(s).

The security implementation lets you configure different protocols for both broker-client and broker-broker communication. These must be enabled in separate restarts. A PLAINTEXT port must be left open throughout so brokers and/or clients can continue to communicate.

When performing an incremental restart, take into consideration the recommendations for doing rolling restarts to avoid downtime for end users.

As an example, if you want to encrypt both broker-client and broker-broker communication with SSL. In the first incremental restart, open a SSL port on each node:

listeners=PLAINTEXT://broker1:9091,SSL://broker1:9092

Then restart the clients, changing their config to point at the newly opened, secured port:

bootstrap.servers=[broker1:9092,...]
security.protocol=SSL
...etc

In the second incremental server restart, instruct Kafka to use SSL as the broker-broker protocol (which will use the same SSL port):

listeners=PLAINTEXT://broker1:9091,SSL://broker1:9092
security.inter.broker.protocol=SSL

In the final restart, secure the cluster by closing the PLAINTEXT port:

listeners=SSL://broker1:9092
security.inter.broker.protocol=SSL

Alternatively, you might choose to open multiple ports so that different protocols can be used for broker-broker and broker-client communication. If you want to use SSL encryption throughout (i.e. for broker-broker and broker-client communication) but want to add SASL authentication to the broker-client connection also. You would achieve this by opening two additional ports during the first restart:

listeners=PLAINTEXT://broker1:9091,SSL://broker1:9092,SASL_SSL://broker1:9093

Again you restart the clients, changing their config to point at the newly opened, SASL & SSL secured port:

bootstrap.servers=[broker1:9093,...]
security.protocol=SASL_SSL
...etc

The second server restart would switch the cluster to use encrypted broker-broker communication via the SSL port you previously opened on port 9092:

listeners=PLAINTEXT://broker1:9091,SSL://broker1:9092,SASL_SSL://broker1:9093
security.inter.broker.protocol=SSL

The final restart secures the cluster by closing the PLAINTEXT port.

listeners=SSL://broker1:9092,SASL_SSL://broker1:9093
security.inter.broker.protocol=SSL

Migrating ZooKeeper¶

If you are running a version of Kafka that does not support security or simply with security disabled, and you want to make the cluster secure, then you must execute the following steps to enable ZooKeeper authentication with minimal disruption to your operations:

Perform a rolling restart setting the JAAS login file, which enables brokers to authenticate. At the end of the rolling restart, brokers are able to manipulate znodes with strict ACLs, but they will not create znodes with those ACLs
Perform a second rolling restart of brokers, this time setting the configuration parameter zookeeper.set.acl to true, which enables the use of secure ACLs when creating znodes
Execute the ZkSecurityMigrator tool. To execute the tool, there is this script: bin/zookeeper-security-migration with zookeeper.acl set to secure. This tool traverses the corresponding sub-trees changing the ACLs of the znodes

It is also possible to turn off authentication in a secure cluster. To do it, follow these steps:

Perform a rolling restart of brokers setting the JAAS login file, which enables brokers to authenticate, but setting zookeeper.set.acl to false. At the end of the rolling restart, brokers stop creating znodes with secure ACLs, but are still able to authenticate and manipulate all znodes
Execute the ZkSecurityMigrator tool. To execute the tool, run this script bin/zookeeper-security-migration with zookeeper.acl set to unsecure. This tool traverses the corresponding sub-trees changing the ACLs of the znodes
Perform a second rolling restart of brokers, this time omitting the system property that sets the JAAS login file

Here is an example of how to run the migration tool:

bin/zookeeper-security-migration --zookeeper.acl=secure --zookeeper.connect=localhost:2181

Run this to see the full list of parameters:

bin/zookeeper-security-migration --help

Migrating the ZooKeeper ensemble¶

It is also necessary to enable authentication on the ZooKeeper ensemble. To do it, you must perform a rolling restart of the ensemble and set a few properties. Please refer to the ZooKeeper documentation for more detail: