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Azure Private Link

Azure Private Link offers one-way connectivity from your VNet to a Confluent Cloud cluster, without any coordination of CIDR block ranges. Private Link connections to Confluent Cloud can only be made from VNets in registered customer Azure subscriptions.

For more information about Azure Private Link, see the Azure documentation.

Create an Azure Private Link connection to Confluent Cloud

Follow the steps below to register an Azure subscription to a Confluent Cloud cluster and create an Azure Private Link connection.

Note

For an overview of Azure Private Link and illustrated steps on getting started with Azure Private Link in Confluent Cloud, see Setting Up Secure Networking in Confluent with Azure Private Link.

The following diagram summarizes the Azure Private Link architecture with the customer VNet/subscription and the Confluent Cloud VNet/subscription.

Prerequisites

A Dedicated Kafka cluster in Azure with Azure Private Link enabled. For more information about how to create a Dedicated cluster, see Create a Cluster in Confluent Cloud.

To create an Azure Private Link connection for a Dedicated cluster in Confluent Cloud on Azure, follow these steps.

1. Register your Azure subscription with Confluent Cloud using the Confluent Cloud Console.
2. Set up the Private Endpoints to Confluent Cloud Private Link Service Aliases in your Azure subscription using the Azure portal.
3. Set up Availability Zone mapped DNS records to use Azure Private Endpoints using the Azure portal.
4. Validate connectivity to Confluent Cloud.

Requirements

1. To use an Azure Private Link service with Confluent Cloud, your VNet must allow outbound internet connections for DNS resolution, Confluent Cloud Schema Registry, ksqlDB, and Confluent CLI to work.
   1. DNS requests to public authority traversing to private DNS zone is required.
   2. Confluent Cloud Schema Registry is accessible over the internet.
   3. ksqlDB is accessible over the internet.
   4. Confluent CLI requires internet access to authenticate with the Confluent Cloud control plane.
2. Confluent Cloud Console components, like topic management, need additional configuration to function as they use cluster endpoints. To use all features of the Confluent Cloud Console with Azure Private Link, follow this procedure.

Warning

For limitations of the Azure Private Link, see Limitations.

Register your Azure subscription with Confluent Cloud

To make an Azure Private Link connection to a cluster in Confluent Cloud you must register the Azure subscription ID you wish to use. This is a security measure that enables Confluent to ensure that only your organization can initiate Azure Private Link connections to the cluster. Azure Private Link connections from a VNet not contained in a registered Azure subscription will not be accepted by Confluent Cloud.

1. Navigate to the Cluster Settings page, click the Networking tab, and click Add Subscription.
2. Provide the Azure subscription ID for the subscription containing the VNets you want to make the Private Link connection from and click Save. The Azure subscription number can be found on your Azure subscription page on the Azure portal. Your Azure Private Link connection status will transition from “Pending” to “Active” in the Confluent Cloud Console. You still need to configure the Private Endpoints in your VNet before you can connect to the cluster.

Set up Private Endpoints for Azure Private Link in your Azure subscription

After the connection status is “Active” in the Confluent Cloud Console, you must configure Private Endpoints in your VNet from Azure portal to make the Private Link connection to your Confluent Cloud cluster.

Note

Confluent recommends using a Terraform configuration for setting up Private Link endpoints. This configuration automates the manual steps described below.

Prerequisite

In the Confluent Cloud Console, you will find the following information for your Confluent Cloud cluster under the Cluster Settings section. This information is needed to configure Azure Private Link for a Dedicated cluster in Azure.

• Kafka Bootstrap (in the General tab)
• DNS domain Name (in the Networking tab)
• Zonal DNS Subdomain Names (in the Networking tab)
• Service Aliases (in the Networking tab)

Create the following Private Endpoints through the Azure Private Link Center:

1. For Confluent Cloud single availability zone clusters, create a single Private Endpoint to the Confluent Cloud Service Alias. For Confluent Cloud multi-availability zone clusters, create a Private Endpoint to each of the Confluent Cloud zonal Service Aliases.
2. Create a Private Endpoint for Confluent Cloud by clicking Create Private Endpoint.
3. Fill in subscription, resource group, name, and region for the virtual endpoint and click next. The selected subscription must be the same as the one registered with Confluent Cloud.
4. Select the Connect to an Azure resource by resource ID or alias option, paste in the Confluent Cloud Service Alias and click Next. You can find the Confluent Cloud Service Aliases in the Networking tab under Cluster settings in the Confluent Cloud Console.
5. Fill in virtual network and subnet where the Private Endpoint is to be created.
6. Click Review + create. Review the details and click Create to create the Private Endpoint.
7. Wait for the Azure deployment to complete, go to the Private Endpoint resource and verify Private Endpoint connection status is Approved.

Set up DNS records to use Azure Private Endpoints

DNS changes must be made to ensure connectivity passes through Azure Private Link in the supported pattern. Any DNS provider that can ensure DNS is routed as follows is acceptable. Azure Private DNS Zone (used in this example) is one option.

Note

Run the DNS helper script to identify the DNS Zone records for Private Endpoints.

Update DNS using Azure Private DNS Zone in the Azure console:

1. Create the Private DNS Zone.

   1. Search for the Private DNS Zone resource in Azure portal.

   2. Click Add

   3. Copy the DNS Domain name from the Networking tab under Cluster Settings in the Confluent Cloud Console and use it as the name for the Private DNS Zone.

      For example:

      4kgzg.centralus.azure.confluent.cloud
      

      Note

      Notice there is no glb in the DNS Domain name

   4. Fill in subscription, resource group and name and click Review + create.

   5. Wait for the Azure deployment to complete.

2. Create DNS records.

   1. Go to the Private DNS Zone resource as created above.
   2. Click + Record Set.
   3. Create the following record set for Confluent Cloud single availability zone clusters. The IP address of the Private Endpoint can be found under its associated network interface.
      1. Select name as “*”, type as “A”, TTL as “1 Minute” and add IP address of the single virtual endpoint as created above.
   4. Create the following record sets for Confluent Cloud multi availability zone clusters. The IP address of the Private Endpoint can be found under its associated network interface.
      1. Select name as “*”, type as “A”, TTL as “1 Minute” and add IP addresses of all three virtual endpoints as created above.
      2. Select name as “*.az1”, type as “A”, TTL as “1 Minute” and add IP address of the az1 virtual endpoint as created above.
      3. Select name as “*.az2”, type as “A”, TTL as “1 Minute” and add IP address of the az2 virtual endpoint as created above.
      4. Select name as “*.az3”, type as “A”, TTL as “1 Minute” and add IP address of the az3 virtual endpoint as created above.

3. Attach the Private DNS Zone to the VNets where clients or applications are present.

   1. Go to the Private DNS Zone resource and click Virtual network links under settings.
   2. Click Add.
   3. Fill in link name, subscription and virtual network.

Validate Connectivity to Confluent Cloud

1. From an instance within the VNet (or anywhere the previous step’s DNS is set up), run the following to validate Kafka connectivity through Azure Private Link is working correctly.

   1. Set an environment variable with the cluster bootstrap URL.

      export BOOTSTRAP=$ConfluentCloudBootstrap
      

      For example:

      export BOOTSTRAP=lkc-222v1o-4kgzg.centralus.azure.glb.confluent.cloud
      

   2. Test connectivity to the cluster.

      openssl s_client -connect $BOOTSTRAP:9092 -servername $BOOTSTRAP -verify_hostname $BOOTSTRAP </dev/null 2>/dev/null | grep -E 'Verify return code|BEGIN CERTIFICATE' | xargs
      

   3. If the return output is -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- Verify return code: 0 (ok), connectivity to the bootstrap is confirmed.

   Note

   You might need to update the network security tools and firewalls to allow connectivity. If you have issues connecting after following these steps, confirm which network security systems your organization uses and whether their configurations need to be changed. If you still have issues, run the debug connectivity script and provide the output to Confluent Cloud Support for assistance with your PrivateLink setup.

2. Next, verify connectivity with the Confluent Cloud CLI.

   1. Log in to the Confluent Cloud CLI with your Confluent Cloud credentials.

      ccloud login
      

   2. List the clusters in your organization.

      ccloud kafka cluster list
      

   3. Select the cluster with Azure Private Link you wish to test.

      ccloud kafka cluster use ...
      

      For example:

      ccloud kafka cluster use lkc-222v1o
      

   4. Create a cluster API key to authenticate with the cluster.

      ccloud api-key create --resource ... --description ...
      

      For example:

      ccloud api-key create --resource lkc-222v1o --description "connectivity test"
      

   5. Select the API key you just created.

      ccloud api-key use ... --resource ...
      

      For example:

      ccloud api-key use R4XPKKUPLYZSHOAT --resource lkc-222v1o
      

   6. Create a test topic.

      ccloud kafka topic create test
      

   7. Start consuming events from the test topic.

      ccloud kafka topic consume test
      

   8. Open another terminal tab or window.

   9. Start a producer.

      ccloud kafka topic produce test
      

   10. Type anything into the produce tab and hit Enter; press Ctrl+D or Ctrl+C to stop the producer.

   11. The tab running consume will print what was typed in the tab running produce.

3. You’re done! The cluster is ready for use.

Note

The bootstrap and broker hostname DNS resolution for Confluent Cloud Cluster with Private Link is a two-step process:

1. The bootstrap and broker hostnames have “glb” as a subdomain in their domain name (for example <cluster-subdomain-name>.eastus2.azure.glb.confluent.cloud). In the first step, Confluent Cloud Global DNS Resolver returns a CNAME for bootstrap and broker hostnames which doesn’t include the “glb” subdomain (for example <cluster-subdomain-name>.eastus2.azure.confluent.cloud).
2. In the second step, the CNAME without the “glb” subdomain is resolved to private endpoints IP addresses using the Private DNS Zone that you configure by using the previous steps.

Some DNS systems, like Windows DNS service, lack the ability to recursively resolve the above mentioned two step resolution within a single DNS node. For such situations, you should use two DNS systems. The first DNS system sets up separate forwarding rules for a domain with the “glb” subdomain and a domain without it, and forwards it to the second DNS system. The second DNS system recursively resolves by forwarding the “glb” name resolution request to Confluent Cloud Global DNS Resolver, which creates the “non-glb” name resolution to the Cloud DNS that hosts the Private DNS Zone as shown previously. Another alternative is to host the “non-glb” DNS records locally in the second DNS system.

Limitations

• Cross-region Azure Private Link connections are not supported.
• Azure Private Link is only available for use with Dedicated clusters.
• Existing Confluent Cloud clusters cannot be converted to use Azure Private Link.
• Fully-managed Confluent Cloud connectors can connect to sources or sinks using a public IP address. Sources or sinks in the customer network with private IP addresses are not supported.
• Azure Private Link connections cannot be shared across multiple Confluent Cloud clusters. Separate Azure Private Link connections must be made to each Confluent Cloud cluster.
• Availability zone selection for placement of Confluent Cloud cluster and Azure Private Link service is not supported.
• For requirements of the Azure Private Link feature, see Requirements.