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Migrate Topics on Confluent Cloud Clusters

Confluent Cloud now offers multiple cluster types. If you want to migrate topic data from one Confluent Cloud cluster to another, you can use Confluent Replicator to do so. This document describes how to use Replicator to migrate an existing Confluent Cloud dedicated cluster to a standard cluster with minimal application downtime. For more information on the available cluster types, see Confluent Cloud Features and Limits by Cluster Type.

Tip

Note

Newer versions of Replicator cannot be used to replicate data from early version Kafka clusters to Confluent Cloud. Specifically, Replicator version 5.4.0 or later cannot be used to replicate data from clusters Apache Kafka® v0.10.2 or earlier nor from Confluent Platform v3.2.0 or earlier, to Confluent Cloud. If you have clusters on these earlier versions, use Replicator 5.0.x to replicate to Confluent Cloud until you can upgrade. Keep in mind the following, and plan your upgrades accordingly:

Replicator Deployment Options

Migrating topic data is achieved by running Replicator in one of three modes. They are functionally equivalent, but you might prefer one over the other based on your starting point.

Replicator Mode Advantages and Scenarios
As a connector within a distributed Connect cluster (on a VM) Ideal if you already have a Connect cluster in use with the destination cluster.
As a packaged executable on a VM Isolates three easy-to-use config files (for replicator, consumer, producer), and avoids having to explicitly configure the Connect cluster.
As a packaged executable on Kubernetes Similar to the above, but might be easier to start as a single isolated task. Ideal if you are already managing tasks within Kubernetes.

Prerequisite Tasks

Before you start topic migration, be sure to plan for network and security considerations, save non-topic metadata, and gather cluster information. These prerequisites are described below.

Choose a location

The virtual machine (VM) or Kubernetes (k8s) instances must be deployed in a virtual private cloud (VPC) that has network access to your Confluent Cloud clusters. As a best practice, run Replicator as close to the destination cluster as possible. For Confluent Cloud this means the Replicator cluster should run in the same region as the destination Confluent Cloud deployment.

Note

If one of your Confluent Cloud clusters is VPC-peered, then the Replicator must be deployed in one of the VPCs that is peered to Confluent Cloud.

Determine cluster information

Replicator configuration requires that you know:

  • API keys and secrets for source and destination cluster.

    To retrieve these, navigate to Kafka API keys on the Confluent Cloud web UI.

  • The bootstrap.servers URL.

    To get this, navigate to Cluster Settings on the Confluent Cloud web UI, and note down the URL next to bootstrap.servers.

Save non-topic metadata and set up your new cluster before cutover

Replicator will not sync ksqlDB jobs, schemas, ACLs, connectors, or service accounts to your new cluster.

Make note of all such non-topic metadata that you want to migrate, and manually recreate these on the new cluster before turning on Replicator to replicate topic data.

Configure consumers with timestamp interceptor for offset translation

Configure Java consumers applications with ConsumerTimestampsInterceptor, which automatically translates offsets using timestamps. This enables consumers to start consuming data in the destination cluster where they left off on the origin cluster.

interceptor.classes=io.confluent.connect.replicator.offsets.ConsumerTimestampsInterceptor

Important

  • You can only set the timestamp-interceptor for consumers.
  • Do not set the interceptor for Replicator.
  • Use discretion when setting the interceptor on Connect workers; for the interceptor to be useful, the worker must be running sink connectors and these must use Kafka for their offset management.

This interceptor is located under kafka-connect-replicator in (timestamp-interceptor-current.jar). This JAR must be available on the CLASSPATH of the consumer.

Tip

  • The location of the JAR file is dependent on your platform and type of Confluent install. For example, on Mac OS install with zip.tar, by default, timestamp-interceptor-<version>.jar is in the Confluent directory in /share/java/kafka-connect-replicator.

The timestamp-interceptor is located in the Confluent Maven repository:

<repository>
  <id>confluent</id>
  <url>https://packages.confluent.io/maven/</url>
</repository>

For Maven projects, include the following dependency:

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.confluent</groupId>
    <artifactId>timestamp-interceptor</artifactId>
    <version>current</version>
</dependency>

The ConsumerTimestampsInterceptor will write to a new topic __consumer_timestamps to preserve the required timestamp information for the offset translation. The Replicator reads from this new topic and will use the timestamps to determine the correct offsets in the secondary cluster.

Important

The ConsumerTimestampsInterceptor is a producer to the __consumer_timestamps topic on the source cluster and as such requires appropriate security configurations. These should be provided with the timestamps.producer. prefix. for example, timestamps.producer.security.protocol=SSL. For more information on security configurations see:

The interceptor also requires ACLs for the __consumer_timestamps topic. The consumer principal requires WRITE and DESCRIBE operations on the __consumer_timestamps topic.

To learn more, see:

Configure ACLs

Replicator must have authorization to read Kafka data from the origin cluster and write Kafka data in the destination Confluent Cloud cluster. Replicator should be run as a Confluent Cloud service account, not with super user credentials, so use the Confluent Cloud CLI to configure the appropriate ACLs for the service account id corresponding to Replicator in Confluent Cloud. For more details on Replicator ACLs, see Security.

ccloud kafka acl create --allow --service-account <service-account-id> --operation CREATE --topic <replicated-topic>
ccloud kafka acl create --allow --service-account <service-account-id> --operation WRITE --topic <replicated-topic>
ccloud kafka acl create --allow --service-account <service-account-id> --operation READ --topic <replicated-topic>
ccloud kafka acl create --allow --service-account <service-account-id> --operation DESCRIBE --topic <replicated-topic>
ccloud kafka acl create --allow --service-account <service-account-id> --operation DESCRIBE-CONFIGS --topic <replicated-topic>
ccloud kafka acl create --allow --service-account <service-account-id> --operation ALTER-CONFIGS --topic <replicated-topic>
ccloud kafka acl create --allow --service-account <service-account-id> --operation DESCRIBE --cluster-scope

Additionally, you need to set the following license topic ACLs on the internal topic, _confluent-command.

ccloud kafka acl create --allow --service-account <service-account-id> --operation READ --topic _confluent-command
ccloud kafka acl create --allow --service-account <service-account-id> --operation WRITE --topic _confluent-command
ccloud kafka acl create --allow --service-account <service-account-id> --operation DESCRIBE --topic _confluent-command

The license topic should be created by default, but if for some reason this topic does not already exist, you must set CREATE along with DESCRIBE ACLs on the cluster. You already set DESCRIBE above, but it is mentioned again here, to clarify its purpose. Set these ACLs on the --cluster-scope; this flag takes no arguments. It sets the ACLs on whichever cluster is in use. (To determine which cluster is in use, type ccloud kafka cluster list. The cluster with the asterisk by it is in use. To use a different cluster, type ccloud kafka cluster use <cluster-id>.)

ccloud kafka acl create --allow --service-account <service-account-id> --operation CREATE --cluster-scope
ccloud kafka acl create --allow --service-account <service-account-id> --operation DESCRIBE --cluster-scope

Tip

  • If you are running Replicator as an executable, Replicator runs on an internal Connect worker so you need the ACLs described in Worker ACL Requirements.
  • If you are running Replicator as a connector, the Replicator configuration, if not indicated, will inherit the configuration from the Connect cluster (which requires the same ACLs as indicated above).

Configure and Run Replicator to migrate topics

After accomplishing all prerequisites, configure and run Replicator to migrate topics.

Choose one of the following methods to do so, based on your preference for Replicator modes.

Tip

For any of the deployment methods listed below, Replicator can be further tuned using the guide here.

Run Replicator as an executable

Tip

  • This applies to both the VM and Kubernetes based approaches.
  • You can run Replicator executable on any virtual/cloud node or on a physical machine (desktop or laptop) that is connected to the network.

Configure properties

There are three config files for the executable (consumer, producer, and replication), and the minimal configuration changes for these are shown below.

  • consumer.properties

    ssl.endpoint.identification.algorithm=https
sasl.mechanism=PLAIN
bootstrap.servers=<source bootstrap-server>
retry.backoff.ms=500
sasl.jaas.config=org.apache.kafka.common.security.plain.PlainLoginModule required username="<api-key>" password="<secret>";
security.protocol=SASL_SSL

  • producer.properties

    ssl.endpoint.identification.algorithm=https
sasl.mechanism=PLAIN
bootstrap.servers=<destination bootstrap-server>
sasl.jaas.config=org.apache.kafka.common.security.plain.PlainLoginModule required username="<api-key>" password="<secret>";
security.protocol=SASL_SSL

  • replication.properties - No special configuration is required in replication.properties.

Run Replicator

Run the Replicator executable to migrate topics.

./bin/replicator --cluster.id replicator --consumer.config consumer.properties --producer.config producer.properties --topic.regex '.*'

Tip

See also, Run Replicator as an executable and Command Line Parameters of Replicator Executable in the Replicator documentation.

Run Replicator as a connector

The connector JSON should look like this:

{
"name": "replicate-topic",
"config": {
    "connector.class": "io.confluent.connect.replicator.ReplicatorSourceConnector",
    "key.converter": "io.confluent.connect.replicator.util.ByteArrayConverter",
    "value.converter": "io.confluent.connect.replicator.util.ByteArrayConverter",
    "src.kafka.ssl.endpoint.identification.algorithm":"https",
    "src.kafka.sasl.mechanism":"PLAIN",
    "src.kafka.request.timeout.ms":"20000",
    "src.kafka.bootstrap.servers":"<source bootstrap server>",
    "src.kafka.retry.backoff.ms":"500",
    "src.kafka.sasl.jaas.config":"org.apache.kafka.common.security.plain.PlainLoginModule required username=\"<api-key>\" password=\"<secret>\";",
    "src.kafka.security.protocol":"SASL_SSL",
    "dest.kafka.ssl.endpoint.identification.algorithm":"https",
    "dest.kafka.sasl.mechanism":"PLAIN",
    "dest.kafka.request.timeout.ms":"20000",
    "dest.kafka.bootstrap.servers":"<destination bootstrap server>",
    "dest.kafka.retry.backoff.ms":"500",
    "dest.kafka.sasl.jaas.config":"org.apache.kafka.common.security.plain.PlainLoginModule required username=\"<api-key>\" password=\"<secret>\";",
    "dest.kafka.security.protocol":"SASL_SSL",
    "dest.topic.replication.factor":"3",
    "topic.regex":".*"
    }
}

If you have not already done so, configure the distributed Connect cluster correctly as shown here.

ssl.endpoint.identification.algorithm=https
sasl.mechanism=PLAIN
request.timeout.ms=20000
bootstrap.servers=<dest bootstrap server>
retry.backoff.ms=500
sasl.jaas.config=org.apache.kafka.common.security.plain.PlainLoginModule required username="<api-key>" password="<secret>";
security.protocol=SASL_SSL
producer.ssl.endpoint.identification.algorithm=https
producer.sasl.mechanism=PLAIN
producer.request.timeout.ms=20000
producer.bootstrap.servers=<dest bootstrap server>
producer.retry.backoff.ms=500
producer.sasl.jaas.config=org.apache.kafka.common.security.plain.PlainLoginModule required username="<api-key>" password="<secret>";
producer.security.protocol=SASL_SSL
key.converter=org.apache.kafka.connect.storage.StringConverter
value.converter=org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter
group.id=connect-replicator
config.storage.topic=connect-configs1
offset.storage.topic=connect-offsets1
status.storage.topic=connect-statuses1
plugin.path=<confluent install dir>/share/java

Tip

See also, Run Replicator as a Connector in the Replicator documentation.

Run Replicator Docker Container with Kubernetes

  1. Delete existing secret (if it exists).

    kubectl delete secret replicator-secret-props

  2. Regenerate configs, if changed. (See Quick Start.)

  3. Upload the new secret.

    kubectl create secret generic replicator-secret-props --from-file=/tmp/replicator/

  4. Reload pods.

    kubectl apply -f container/replicator-deployment.yaml

    Here is an example replicator-deployment.yaml.

    apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: repl-exec-connect-cluster
spec:
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: replicator-app
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: confluent-replicator
          image: confluentinc/cp-enterprise-replicator-executable
          env:
            - name: CLUSTER_ID
              value: "replicator-k8s"
            - name: CLUSTER_THREADS
              value: "1"
            - name: CONNECT_GROUP_ID
              value: "containerized-repl"

              # Note: This is to avoid _overlay errors_ . You could use /etc/replicator/ here instead.
            - name: REPLICATION_CONFIG
              value: "/etc/replicator-config/replication.properties"
            - name: PRODUCER_CONFIG
              value: "/etc/replicator-config/producer.properties"
            - name: CONSUMER_CONFIG
              value: "/etc/replicator-config/consumer.properties"
          volumeMounts:
            - name: replicator-properties
              mountPath: /etc/replicator-config/
      volumes:
        - name: replicator-properties
          secret:
            secretName: "replicator-secret-props"
            defaultMode: 0666

  5. Verify status.

    kubectl get pods kubectl logs <pod-name> -f

Tip

See also, this examples demo of Confluent Platform deployed on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) that replicates data to a Confluent Cloud cluster.

Cutover clients to new cluster

After Replicator is set up, cut over clients to the new cluster as follows.

  1. Confirm that data is replicating from the source to the destination by viewing the replication lag on the Replication tab on Confluent Cloud web UI.

  2. Stop producers.

  3. Wait for consumer lag to go to zero.

    To monitor this, run bin/kafka-consumer-groups as described in here and/or navigate to Consumer Lag on the Confluent Cloud web UI and select a consumer group.

  4. Wait for replicator lag to go to zero by looking at the Replicator consumer group lag, then restart consumers to point at the new cluster.

    • To monitor replicator lag, run bin/kafka-consumer-groups as described in here and/or navigate to Consumer Lag on the Confluent Cloud web UI and select a consumer group.
    • After restarting consumers, use last-heartbeat-seconds-ago as described in Consumer Group Metrics to verify that consumers are running.

  5. Wait until all consumers are up.

  6. Start producers in the new cluster.

    Monitor outgoing-byte-rate as described in producer outgoing-byte-rate metrics.

  7. Monitor lag on the destination cluster.

    • To monitor this, use the activity monitor for the cluster on the Confluent Cloud web UI.

      ../_images/cloud-migrate-cluster-activity-monitor.png

    • You can also run bin/kafka-consumer-groups on the destination cluster as described in Consumer Group Metrics.

Quick Start

This quick start assumes:

  • You are migrating topics between two Confluent Cloud clusters on Amazon Web Services (AWS).
  • You are running Replicator on an Ubuntu VM in Amazon EC2.
  • You are running Replicator as an executable.

In real-world scenarios, you might migrate clusters from any other cloud platform nodes (for example, GCP and Google Cloud Console Google Cloud Console or Microsoft Azure). The same general procedure applies.

Set up a Cloud instance

  1. Install Java.

    sudo apt-get install default-jre

  2. Use APT to install the full Confluent Platform as described in Manual Install using Systemd on Ubuntu and Debian.

Configure properties

There are three config files for consumer, producer, and replication. The minimal configuration changes for these are shown below.

Tip

Replace bootstrap.servers and sasl.jaas.config here with the corresponding values for the Confluent Cloud clusters.

  • consumer.properties

    bootstrap.servers=<source bootstrap server>
ssl.endpoint.identification.algorithm=https
sasl.mechanism=PLAIN
request.timeout.ms=20000
retry.backoff.ms=500
sasl.jaas.config=org.apache.kafka.common.security.plain.PlainLoginModule required username="<username>" password="<password>";
security.protocol=SASL_SSL

  • producer.properties

    bootstrap.servers=<destination bootstrap server>
ssl.endpoint.identification.algorithm=https
sasl.mechanism=PLAIN
request.timeout.ms=20000
retry.backoff.ms=500
sasl.jaas.config=org.apache.kafka.common.security.plain.PlainLoginModule required username="<username>" password="<password>";
security.protocol=SASL_SSL

  • replication.properties

    Replace “Movies” for the topic.whitelist with the topics you want to replicate from the source cluster.

    topic.whitelist=Movies

topic.rename.format=${topic}-replica
topic.auto.create=true
topic.timestamp.type=CreateTime

dest.topic.replication.factor=3

Tip

In the example above, topic.rename.format, topic.auto.create, and topic.timestamp.type are set to the defaults, and therefore not really necessary to include. If you want to change the values for these, include them in replication.properties with custom values.

Run Replicator

Run the Replicator executable to migrate topics.

confluent-5.3.0/bin/replicator \
  --consumer.config ./diyrepl/consumer.properties \
  --producer.config ./diyrepl/producer.properties \
  --cluster.id replicator  \
  --replication.config ./diyrepl/replication.properties

Verify Topic Migration

To verify topic migration is successful, Log in to the Confluent Cloud CLI and run commands to: verify that your topic data has been replicated onto the target cluster.

After checking the current contents of source and destination clusters, perform the cutover of clients to the new cluster, and run consumers to read from the destination topic on the new cluster.

Check current contents of destination topic

  1. List the clusters and note the destination cluster ID.

    ccloud kafka cluster list

  2. Select the destination cluster.

    ccloud kafka cluster use <ID-for-destination-cluster>

  3. Run the consumer to read from your topic on the destination (for example, Movies-replica).

    ccloud kafka topic consume --from-beginning 'Movies-replica'

Check current contents of source topic

  1. Select the destination cluster.

    ccloud kafka cluster use <ID-for-source-cluster>

  2. Run the consumer to read from your topic on the source (for example, Movies).

    ccloud kafka topic consume --from-beginning 'Movies'

Add something new to the source topic

Produce to the source topic.

ccloud kafka topic produce Movies

Cutover to new cluster

Switch producers and consumers to the new cluster, as described in Cutover clients to new cluster.

Check logs and destination topic

  1. Check output of running replicator task for logs indicating processing.

  2. Run the consumer to read from your destination topic again.

    ccloud kafka topic consume --from-beginning 'Movies'

Migrate Topics from Dev Clusters to Confluent Cloud

Development clusters are a great place to experiment with Confluent Platform features before deploying to Confluent Cloud. However, these clusters usually have relaxed resiliency requirements that can introduce challenges when migrating to Confluent Cloud.

If you want to migrate topic data from a dev cluster to Confluent Cloud, you can use Replicator to do so. The procedure is the same as that for migrating topics across cloud deployments here but requires the following additional considerations.

Migrate Topics from Confluent Cloud

You can use Replicator to migrate topics and schemas from Confluent Cloud.

Important

When replicating topics from Confluent Cloud, you must pre-create the topics on the destination cluster and set topic.auto.create=false and topic.config.sync=false.

Resiliency

Confluent Cloud topics are tuned for resiliency with the following configurations:

replication.factor=3
min.insync.replicas=2

As of 5.5, you should set dest.topic.replication.factor to be 3, and enable topic.auto.create.

Note

By default, Replicator preserves topic configurations when replicating topic data and it is unusual for a development cluster to meet the Confluent Cloud requirements (for instance, at least 3 brokers are required to support a replication.factor of 3).

To address this, disable the topic configuration synchronization and auto creation features of Replicator:

topic.config.sync=false
topic.auto.create=false

Licensing

By default, Replicator stores the Confluent Platform license on the destination cluster.